What are Nano-biomaterials

The term ‘Nano’ indicates one billionth (10−9) of a dimension. The physical sciences refer to materials smaller than 100 nm, while in the biomedicine field, it is used for any object with sizes between 250 and 750 nm.1 Nanotechnology-derived biomaterial are futuristic materials that converge materials science and biology and have immensely benefitted the medical field. Nano-biomaterials, Nano-medicine and Nano-bio-interface, are synonymous and represent tools, technologies, and discoveries of nanotechnology applications in medicine.

There are different types of Nano biomaterials.

Metallic – gadolinium-based, iron oxide and gold

Ceramic – materials like alumina, zirconia, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, silicon, nitride

Semiconductor-Based Nano biomaterials- cadmium-based nanomaterials used in bioimaging and drug delivery

Organic/Carbon-Based Nano biomaterials – Eg. carbon nanotubes and fullerenes

Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nano biomaterials – used as probes in imaging, dental material

Silica-Based Nano biomaterials – some of the types are monoliths, fibres, hollow and solid nanospheres and nanotubes, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN)

Polymeric Nano biomaterials and Nanocomposites – can be either biological or synthetic, like polysaccharides and proteins. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) etc.

Biological Nano biomaterials – lipoproteins and peptides nanoparticles

Biologically Directed/Self-Assembled Nano biomaterials- Viruses like hepatitis B cores, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, vaccines, molecular and electronic materials, biomaterials, and bioimaging.

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