Sleep Apnea in Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Mixed-Methods Study

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Sleep apnea is a common yet underdiagnosed condition in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and is associated with poor sleep quality, cardiovascular complications, and reduced quality of life. Physiological changes related to end-stage kidney disease increase the risk of sleep-disordered breathing. This mixed-methods study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of sleep apnea while exploring patients’ experiences to support early diagnosis and improve patient-centred care.

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