Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Multiple Myeloma Beyond Standard Therapy

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that causes bone damage, anaemia, kidney dysfunction, and impaired immunity. While standard treatments such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and stem cell transplantation have improved outcomes, relapse remains a significant challenge. Recent advances, including CAR-T cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates, and precision medicine, have expanded treatment options and improved outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory disease. This article reviews these emerging therapeutic approaches, their clinical benefits, and their potential to enhance the management of multiple myeloma.