Maternal Diabetes, Fetal Growth, and Stillbirth Risk: A Population-Wide Retrospective Cohort Study from Victoria, Australia 

Maternal diabetes, including both pregestational and gestational types, significantly affects fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes. Poorly controlled maternal blood glucose can lead to complications such as fetal overgrowth (macrosomia) or growth restriction, depending on placental function and disease severity. These abnormalities in fetal growth increase the risk of stillbirth, highlighting the importance of strict glycemic control and careful monitoring during pregnancy.