Mean and Mean difference are the two key statistical measures used in the statistical analysis. Both are essential for meta-analysis as well. Mean and Mean difference are used for the interpretation of a large set of values into a single number which explains the heterogeneity and variation among the individual values. However, one of a common challenge in meta-analysis is the unavailability of this data (mean and standard deviation).

Q & A Forum

Meta Analysis

Q: How can SD be estimated when only effect estimates with confidence intervals (CI) are available?

The SE can be derived from the CI of the reported difference.
If the statistical test is known, the appropriate conversion method should be used.
If the test is not specified, sample size can guide formula selection:
- Sample size ≥ 60 → Use z-distribution (Formula 2).
- Sample size < 60 → Use t-distribution (Formula 4).
Once SE is determined, within-group SD can be estimated using Formula 20.

Q: How can SD be estimated when only effect estimates with confidence intervals (CI) are available?

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