Biopolymers

Biopolymers are polymers that are synthesized by living organisms or polymeric biomolecules. They are of three types, namely polynucleotides, polypeptides, or polysaccharides, which includes DNA, RNA, proteins, polymeric carbohydrates. Biopolymers are biocompatible material which contains monomeric units of covalently bonded long connected chains such as amino acids, nucleotides and monosaccharides. Natural polymers or biopolymers from different sources include suberin, melanin, rubber, and lignin, etc. The significant difference between natural or biopolymers and laboratory modified, or synthetic polymers can be identified by the structure of the material. The recent advancement of sensor technology was widely contributed by biopolymers and exposed through different experimental designs. Biopolymers are carbon-neutral, sustainable and renewable, and it is because of the source that comes from crops which grow indefinitely. The use of biopolymers creates sustainability in the market, whereas the derived polymers from petrochemicals will drain eventually. Besides, the biopolymer is environmentally friendly as it has the potential to reduce carbon emission and carbon-di-oxide present in the atmosphere. Such reaction happens because of the degradation of CO2, which could be reabsorbed by crops and thus it makes carbon emission close to neutral. Tissue engineering is also a field of research which mainly by the use of biopolymers and helps in many surgical procedures. Likewise, there were many advantages identified in conducting a wide range of research by the professionals on biopolymers. One proper development is to use the polymers for drug delivery application as it posses biodegradable and biocompatible options. Still, there is a certain limitation which could be addressed by scientists.