Systematic Review Sample Work

A systematic review of bariatric surgery and the effects of cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Obesity is a global health issue that causes considerable morbidity and mortality, frequently as a result of cardiovascular (CV) illnesses. While bariatric surgery is widely used to treat obesity and lower CV risk factors, its effect on CV disease is unknown. In compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of bariatric surgery on CV outcomes.

Methods and results

Until August 2021, PubMed and Embase were searched for material comparing bariatric surgery patients to non-surgical controls. All-cause and CV mortality, atrial fibrillation (A.F.), heart failure (H.F.), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke were the outcomes of interest. We included 39 research, all of which were prospective or retrospective cohort studies; however, no randomized controlled trials were available. Bariatric surgery was related to a reduction in all-cause mortality [pooled hazard ratio (H.R.) of 0.55; 95% CI 0.49-0.62, P, 0.001 vs. controls] and CV mortality (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47-0.73, P, 0.001). Furthermore, bariatric surgery was linked with a lower incidence of H.F. (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.38-0.66, P, 0.001), myocardial infarction (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43-0.76, P, 0.001), and stroke (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43-0.76, P, 0.001).

Conclusion

According to the current systematic review and meta-analysis, bariatric surgery is related to decreased all-cause and Cardiovascular mortality, as well as a lower incidence of numerous CV illnesses in obese individuals. In certain cases, bariatric surgery should be explored.

Keywords:

Cardiovascular disease, Obesity, Heart failure, Atrial fibrillation, Myocardial infarction, Bariatric surgery, Metabolic surgery, Outcome, Ischaemic stroke

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