What is Drug Excipient?

Most medications are given as drug products, such as pills, capsules, or solutions. These include the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the excipients, a class of typically inert non-drug ingredients. These pharmacologically inert excipients function as a vehicle or formulation medium and aid in the medication’s creation, delivery, or absorption. The essential roles of dosage, stability and active ingredient release must all be fulfilled by a flawless excipient. An excipient is supposed to perform several tasks, such as improving API stability, bio-modifying API, preserving pH, maintaining the flow of semisolid preparations, and aiding in identification.

There are several reasons excipients are intentionally added to drug formulations. They act as chemical or physical stabilizers, preservatives and buffers, diluents, binders, and surfactants, amongst many other roles. Certain excipients like antioxidants and preservatives preserve the native drug preparation, and others like coating materials and emulsifiers facilitate drug absorption. In contrast, others, like flavouring and colouring agents, make the medicine esthetically acceptable and palatable. Quantitative analysis of the excipients is mainly carried out either by chromatography or electrophoresis.

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