Randomized Controlled Trials

A randomized controlled trial (RCT), often known as a clinical trial or an intervention study (as opposed to an observational study), is a form of a scientific experiment to minimize potential sources of bias while evaluating the efficacy of novel medications. This is accomplished by randomly assigning participants to two or more groups, giving each group a different treatment, and comparing the results in light of a measurable response. While the other group, typically the control group, receives an alternative drug, such as a placebo or no intervention, the experimental group gets the assessed intervention. To ascertain the efficacy of the practical intervention, the groups are observed under trial, and effectiveness is evaluated in contrast to the control. There could be multiple treatment groups or multiple control groups.

It is possible for the testing to be blinded, meaning that any information that could impact the participants is withheld until after the trial. Any participant in a test, including subjects, researchers, technicians, data analysts, and assessors, may be required to remain blind. Some sources of testing bias could be diminished or eliminated with efficient blinding.

Randomness in subject group assignment minimizes selection and allocation bias, balancing known and unidentified prognostic variables in the selection of medicine. Other types of researcher and subject bias are reduced by blinding.

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