What is the definition of a systematic observational study?
A systematic observational study is a research method characterized by the structured and meticulous observation of subjects within a controlled and predetermined framework. This approach is employed to gather data about natural behaviours, occurrences, or phenomena in their authentic settings. Unlike experimental studies, which involve the manipulation of variables, systematic comparative observational studies focus on unbiased, systematic data collection without external interference.
In this method, researchers carefully design protocols and observation criteria to ensure consistency and reliability in data collection. The descriptive observational study is often categorized, coded, and quantified to facilitate objective analysis. Systematic observational studies are prevalent in various fields, including psychology, sociology, education, and medicine, where direct observation of subjects provides valuable insights into complex human behaviours and interactions.
Key components of a systematic observational study include a clear definition of the study’s objectives, a well-structured observational plan, and the use of standardized tools for data collection. Researchers may choose between participant or non-participant observation, depending on their level of involvement with the subjects. By employing a quantitative observational study, researchers aim to uncover patterns, trends, or relationships within a given context, contributing valuable empirical evidence to the understanding of natural behaviours and phenomena. This method is particularly useful when experimental manipulation is impractical or unethical, allowing researchers to draw meaningful conclusions from real-world observations.
References
- Anguera MT, Blanco-Villaseñor A, Jonsson GK, Losada JL, Portell M. Editorial: Systematic Observation: Engaging Researchers in the Study of Daily Life as It Is Lived. Front Psychol. 2019 Apr 24;10:864. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00864. PMID: 31068860; PMCID: PMC6491503.
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