Fixed-effect methods used for dichotomous data

Fixed-effects models find immense popularity in designed experiments where the values of independent variables are presumed to be constant. The dependent variable is the only variable that varies in response to the importance of independent variables.

For meta-analysis for dichotomous outcomes, three fixed-effect methods viz. Mantel-Haenszel, Peto and inverse variance are employed. Mantel-Haenszel methods – Mantel-Haenszel methods use a different weighting system depending on the employed effect measure, like risk ratio, odds ratio, and risk. It is statistically superior in studies having only some events.

Peto odds ratio technique- The Peto odds ratio method employs an inverse-variance approach and can only be used to connect odds ratios. It utilizes an estimated log odds ratio method and provides several weights. Another way to think about the Peto technique is as a sum of ‘O – E’ statistics, with O denoting the observed number of events and E denoting the anticipated number of occurrences in the experimental intervention group of each research that follows the null hypothesis of no intervention effect. The inverse variance approach may be used with any ratio or difference, including log odds ratios, log relative risk, risk difference, weighted mean difference, and standardized mean difference.

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