Mean and Mean difference are the two key statistical measures used in the statistical analysis. Both are essential for meta-analysis as well. Mean and Mean difference are used for the interpretation of a large set of values into a single number which explains the heterogeneity and variation among the individual values. However, one of a common challenge in meta-analysis is the unavailability of this data (mean and standard deviation).
Q & A Forum
Systematic Review & Meta Analysis
Q: Crafting a Research Manuscript: A Guide for Researchers
Introduction
Research manuscripts writing provides researchers an opportunity to convey the findings of their study. A well-designed article also indicates study design, methodology and theoretical perspective along with study findings. The researchers should confirm that their manuscript is matches with the journal guidelines and reporting standards.
Key elements of a Research Manuscript
- Literature Review and Introduction
The introduction highlights the study objectives, background and set the primary goal of the study.
A literature review provides context, indicating available research and finding research gaps that the study tries to address.
- Methodology
A concise and precise methodology section should include:
- Study design and structure
- Criteria for selecting the research methodology
- Population inclusion
- Data extraction and analysis method
Researchers using the Constructivist Critical Incident Technique must follow journal-specific guidelines and comply to the American Psychological Association and Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS) for qualitative research method.
- Findings and reliability
Findings should be suitably presented, assuring confidence in narrative, language, and data representation. This section often includes:
- Direct quotes from study population
- Tables or graphical visualizations
- Composite narratives to illustrate key insights
Keeping trustworthiness is essential in qualitative research. This involves establishing reliability, dependency, and confirmability through extensive data analysis and valid reporting.
- Discussion and Conclusion
The discussion explains the outcome in relation to the research problems and theoretical structure. It should include outcome of the study, methodological considerations, and study impacts while considering potential shortcomings.
Internal Consistency
A quality research paper should have internal consistency which includes study findings, procedure and analysis with logical interpretation. All the figures, tables should correlate with each other maintaining accuracy and symmetry.
Final Considerations
Before submitting a manuscript, the researchers should ensure the followings
- Compliance with journal guidelines.
- Ensure compliance to American Psychological Association and Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS) reporting guidelines.
- Verify the manuscript’s theoretical flow and symmetry.
These methods will allow the researchers to convey their message in a concise and effective manner.
References
Schwartz, H. L., & Holloway, E. L. (2025). Writing the manuscript. In H. L. Schwartz & E. L. Holloway, Essentials of constructivist critical incident technique (pp. 69–73). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000408-007